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1 ὀρύσσω
ὀρύσσω fut. 2 and 3 sg. ὀρύξεις and-ει LXX; 1 aor. ὤρυξα; 2 aor. pass. ὠρύγην (Hs 9, 6, 7; s. OGI 672, 7; 673, 6 ὠρύγη; POxy 121, 8 ὀρυγῆναι; Ps 93:13; En 98:13; Joseph.; Just., D. 97, 4)① to loosen material by digging, w. focus on the activity as such, dig (up) τὶ someth. γῆν (cp. Pla., Euthyd. 288e; Achmes 94, 14) to hide someth. Mt 25:18. Pass. ὠρύγη τὸ πεδίον the plain was dug up and there were found … Hs 9, 6, 7.② to prepare a place for someth. by digging, dig out, prepare by digging τὶ someth. (X., Cyr. 7, 3, 5; Diod S 1, 50, 5; Gen 26:21, 25; Jos., Ant. 8, 341; TestSol; TestZeb 2:7; ApcMos 40) ληνόν a wine-press Mt 21:33. Also ὑπολήνιον Mk 12:1 (cp. Is 5:2). βόθρον θανάτου a pit of death 11:2 (cp. Jer 2:13 and for ὀρ. βόθρ. Eccl 10:8; Pr 26:27).③ make a hole in someth. by digging, dig (a hole) (X., Oec. 19, 2) ἐν τῇ γῇ (i.e. to hide τὸ ἓν τάλαντον) Mt 25:18 v.l.—B. 497. DELG. M-M. -
2 ὀρύσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to dig (up, in, out), to scrape, to bury'.Other forms: att. - ττω, late - χω (Arat.), ipv. - γε (Seriphos), aor. ὀρύξαι, fut. ὀρύξω (Hom.), pass. aor. ὀρυχθῆναι, fut. ὀρυχθήσομαι, perf. ὀρώρυγμαι (IA.; w. prefix κατ-ώρυγμαι). Act. ὀρώρυχα (Att.), Aor. 2. ὀρυγεῖν, pass. ὀρυγῆναι (late).Derivatives: 1. backformation ὄρυξ, - υγος m. `pickaxe' (AP), usu. name of an Egyptian and Libyan (also Indian) gazelle or antelope (Arist., LXX), seemingly after the pointed horns, but rather folketym. transformed LW [loanword]; also name of a great fish (Str.; s. Thompson Fishes s.v.). Of the prefixcompp. κατ-ῶρυξ (ω comp. length.), - υχος `buried, dug in, underground', as subst. f. `grave' (trag.); dat. pl. κατω-ρυχέεσσι ( λάεσσι, λίθοισι ζ 267, ι 185), rather metr. enlarged than from κατωρυχής; δι-ῶρυξ, - υχος, late mostly - υγος f. `ditch, channel, mine' (Ion., Th., Tab. Heracl., pap.). 2. ( δι-, ὑπ-)όρυγμα n. `hole, grave' (IA.); 3. ὀρυγμός m. `id.' (Priene). 4. ( δι-)ορυχή f. (- ωρ-) `the digging' (D., Delos), also - γή (LXX). 5. ( κατ-, ἐπ-, ὑπ-)όρυξις f. `id.' (Arist.). 6. ὀρυκτή f. = ὄρυγμα (Ph.). 7. ὀρυκ-τήρ m. `miner' (Zeno Stoic.), - της m. `digger, tool for digging' (Aesop., Str.); ( δι-) ορυκτρίς f. adjunct of χελώνη `mine protection roof' (Poliorc.). 8. ὀρυγεύς fossorium (Gloss.).Etymology: The general basis of all verbal forms and derived nouns is a stem ὀρυχ-; the media in ὀρυγ- is secondary (cf. Schwyzer 715 a. 760); secondary is also the present ὀρύχω (Schw. 684 f.). -- Without exact agreement outside Greek. As ὀ- can be `prothetic', we can explain the primary yot-present ὀρύσσω from *ὀρυχ-ι̯ω \< * h₃rugh- and compare the nasalinfixed secondary formation Lat. runcō, - āre `weed out, root up', to which a.o. runcō, - ōnis m. `weeding hook', as well as Latv. rūkēt `dig, scrape'; also the primary Skt. luñcati `pluck off' (with l from IE r) can belong here. To be considered further several isolated verbal nouns, esp. from Celtic, e.g. Ir. rucht (\< * ruk-tu-) `swine', pop. *"grubber"; from Alban. rrah `excavation, reclaimed land' IE * rouk-so- (Restelli Ist. Lomb. 91, 475). The aspiration, seen only in Greek, can be expressive or analogical. -- (If one separates the velar as a formative element, we can compare οὑροί m. pl. `trench' (s.v.), ὅρος `boundary' ('-furrow'?), the instrument name ὀρυα, poss. also ὀρύα f. `intestine', prop. *"hole"?). Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 351 ff., Pok. 868ff.Page in Frisk: 2,430-431Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀρύσσω
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3 βόθρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `hole, trench, pit (dug in the ground)' (Il.; on the meaning s. Hutchinson JHSt. 55, 1ff.; also as sports term, s. Jüthner WienStud. 53, 68ff.).Derivatives: βοθρίον (Alciphr.) also `small ulcer' (Hp.). - Also (cf. Schwyzer 481) βόθῡνος m. (Cratin.; cf. αἰσχρός: αἰσχύνομαι, Chantr. Form. 208).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: βόθρος and βόθυνος have been connected with Lith. bedù `sting, dig', Lat. fodio `dig', fossa, Welsh bedd `canal'. One assumes a dissimilated PIE * bodh-, or influence of βαθύς (but Alkiphr. 3, 13 ἐμβαθύνας βόθρια may be a later association). - H. Petersson, Heteroklisie 128ff., assumes a labiovelar and connects γυθίσσων διορύσσων H. and further βαθύς etc. (s. βυθός); improbable. - The IE connection is impossible, and the formation (nominal -ῡν-, s. Beekes, Pre-Greek) is also suspect; the meaning too makes a Pre-Gr. word probable.Page in Frisk: 1,248-249Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βόθρος
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